1.Content wroks:
1.1 Sewage treatment is the process of purifying sewage to meet the water quality requirements for discharge into a water body or reuse.
1.2 Water supply refers to the delivery of treated water to users through public facilities or pipeline systems. This includes urban public water supply, private facility water supply, and secondary water supply. Water sources undergo treatment processes such as purification and chlorination before being distributed through water towers, pumping stations, and a delivery system consisting of main supply and distribution pipelines.
2.Classification:
2.1 Based on the source of sewage, sewage treatment is generally divided into industrial wastewater treatment and domestic wastewater treatment. Industrial wastewater includes industrial wastewater, agricultural wastewater, and medical wastewater, while domestic wastewater is wastewater generated in daily life and refers to a complex mixture of various forms of inorganic and organic matter, including: ① floating and suspended solid particles of varying sizes; ② colloidal and gelatinous dispersions; and ③ pure solutions.
2.2 Water supply is primarily divided into two categories: surface water and groundwater. The specific classification criteria are based on the differences in the water’s reservoir medium. Surface water, drawn from natural bodies such as rivers, lakes, and reservoirs, often has high turbidity and organic matter content, requiring stratified water extraction to optimize water quality. Groundwater, drawn from deep wells, has high dissolved ion concentrations but minimal seasonal fluctuations and may contain contaminants such as arsenic and nitrates. Furthermore, depending on its intended use, raw water can be categorized as hard water (hardness > 200 mg/L) or soft water (hardness ≤ 200 mg/L), as well as special types such as brackish water and seawater.
3.Treatment Methods:
3.1 There are many methods for treating wastewater, generally classified as physical, chemical, and biological. Wastewater treatment can be categorized by the level of treatment involved, including primary, secondary, and tertiary treatment.
3.2 The wastewater treatment process at a waterworks is crucial for ensuring water quality safety. Through a complex series of processes, including coagulation, sedimentation, filtration, disinfection, and softening, waterworks effectively remove impurities and harmful substances from water, ensuring that the tap water supplied to residents meets safety standards. 4. Characteristics:
Village and town sewage is primarily composed of domestic sewage and agricultural wastewater. Domestic sewage has a relatively uniform composition, primarily containing organic matter such as carbohydrates, proteins, amino acids, and fats. This makes it more suitable for bacterial growth, creating a breeding ground for bacteria and viruses. However, domestic sewage is generally non-toxic and has a certain fertilizer effect, making it suitable for irrigating farmland.
4.Advantages and disadvantages:
4.1.1 Operational services and effective supervision have become prominent issues. Operational management is becoming increasingly important and prominent. Due to the large number and widespread distribution of subsidiaries, sewage treatment companies have placed higher demands on supervision.
4.1.2 During the operational phase, sewage treatment companies are facing increasing demands for management and cost control.
4.1.3 How can sewage treatment companies promote the management experience of outstanding sewage treatment plants in the industry to all their sites and improve their overall management level?
4.2 The quality of water supply services needs to be evaluated based on multiple factors: sustainability, water quality, water pressure, and the quality of service provided by the provider. 4.2.1 In most developed countries, a continuous water supply is taken for granted. However, in some countries, water supply is sometimes only guaranteed for a few hours per day or even a few days per week.
4.2.2 Water Quality: For public water systems, water sources are at least disinfected—mostly through chlorination or ultraviolet disinfection; some water sources, particularly surface water, require further treatment.
4.2.3 Water Pressure: In some areas with limited infrastructure, water pressure may be too low, resulting in insufficient water output; or too high, causing pump rupture and resulting in water waste.
