High-salinity wastewater refers to the concentrated brine produced by evaporation or other desalination technology after the qualified discharge water recovers most of the “fresh water” through reverse osmosis technology, and the mass fraction of total dissolved solids (TDS) is greater than 8%, which is difficult to be treated biochemically; or
Fluoride-containing wastewater is generated in many industrial production processes, such as the smelting of non-ferrous metals and rare metals, stainless steel pickling, pesticides, aluminum electrolytic refining, etc. in traditional industries, as well as organic chemical synthesis, electronics industry, and atomic energy industry in modern chemical industry. According to the “Comprehensive
Many developing countries have a warm or hot climate, and often they have sufficient land for land-intensive wastewater treatment technologies (WSP for example). They should take maximal advantage of their climate and their climate land availablilty for wastewater treatment. Money spent on land is not money wasted, but money spent on electricity is money