اليوم: و ي، ص

1. Earthwork Costs * Costs of mechanical or manual excavation for trenches. * Costs of backfill materials and compaction. 2. Pipe Material and Installation Costs * Pipe material costs: Prices vary significantly depending on the material and diameter. * Pipe installation: Includes pipe laying, joint treatment, and installation of fittings

1. Construction Preparation: Conduct a detailed survey of the terrain, geology, and underground pipelines along the pipeline route. Prepare pipe materials, fittings, and manhole materials that meet design requirements. Assign professional technicians and construction personnel, and prepare construction equipment such as excavators, cranes, and ramming machines. 2. Surveying and Setting